Should and United and States and government and supply and health and Essay

Ought to and United and States and government and gracefully and wellbeing and care and all and residents and their and families - Essay Example The strength of residents in some random nation is crucial to the development and improvement of that nation. So as to ensure that the legislature doesn't broaden its spending deficiency by regarding preventable illnesses just as keep up the profitability of its residents, it is fundamental that the United States Federal government give medicinal services to residents who can't manage the cost of their own. Lange composes that the depiction of Obama human services change as a raid into communism is unexpected, best case scenario since projects, for example, Medicare and Medicaid expend eight percent of the national financial plan, which is a similar sum in communist European nations. The main distinction is that their clinical projects provide food for each resident, not simply the seniors. He cites Reid who brings up in his book ‘The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care’ on the need to design American social insurance change after that utilized by other created countries. Reid expresses that near 18,000 Americans pass on consistently, since they need access to the essential clinical treatment that would some way or another spare their carries on with, in view of measurements from the Institute of Medicine. Regardless of certain individuals approaching medicinal services, around 200,000 lose their carries on with attributable to pre ventable clinical mistakes just as preventable emergency clinic diseases. Proquest.umi.com refers to the Medicaid report expressing that the demise of individuals who win a pay of under 10,000 dollars is multiple times more than that of individuals with a salary of 30,000 dollars. By and large, absence of a legitimate social insurance is multiple times progressively perilous to American residents every year contrasted with the September 11 assaults. Reid further brings up the way that other rich countries around the globe have had the option to give open medicinal services to their residents at a more moderate rate than the US. He clarifies a lot of medicinal services models that exist in these countries.

The murder case against Lizzie Borden Research Paper - 1

The homicide body of evidence against Lizzie Borden - Research Paper Example Her more established sister’s name was Emma Lenora who was the little girl of Sarah and Andrew. Emma Lenora was conceived on 1 March 1851. At two years old, Lizzie’s mother got uterine blockage and died. After her mother’s passing, Lizzie’s father got hitched to another lady named Abby Durfee. â€Å"In 1884 when Andrew gave his wifes stepsister a house, his little girls questioned and battled with their stepmother, rejecting from there on to call her mom and calling her just Mrs. Borden instead† (Lewis, 2013). Lizzie was the patient of psychomotor epilepsy that makes the transient projection be seized with an indication. The patient of psychomotor epilepsy can execute the activities in the condition of a fantasy, and is yet mindful of the considerable number of activities without realizing what he/she is doing. Subsequently, Lizzie created two characters that were altogether not quite the same as one another; one, she was a sweet girl, and another, as a mean little girl. As a sweet little girl, Lizzie was a splendid conversationalist just as an individual from the Congressional Church. As a mean little girl, Lizzie was angry of the male centric society. The family’s inconsistency in regards to the social statuses clarified the advancement of these two characters by Lizzie. Furthermore, Lizzie was likewise routine of taking things from the neighborhood vendors. J. Borden and his significant other got murder while they were in their family home on 4 August 1892. It was a hot day. The Borden family’s house keeper was resting in her bed after she had washed the outside windows. The time was 11 o’ clock. Lizzie Borden was heard crying asking her senior sister Maggie to descend as she had found her father’s dead body. The body of her dad had been hacked nearly to the point that he was unable to be perceived. Practically thirty minutes after the fact, after her father’s body had been found, Adelaide Churchill found the dead collection of Abby Borden, Lizzie’s

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay Example

Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay Example Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper In 1980, quiet (offended party) James Johnson recorded suit against Misericordia Community Hospital claiming clinical negligence. The suit explicitly claimed corporate carelessness in the arrangement of Dr. Lester V. Salinksy (autonomous part) to the clinical staff at Misericordia Community Hospital. During the medical procedure, Dr. Salinsky cut off the femoral supply route, bringing about halfway loss of motion for Johnson (casebriefs. com). At last, Johnson endured a changeless disabled condition to his correct thigh muscles with resultant decay and shortcoming just as lost capacity in the wake of experiencing hip medical procedure performed by Dr. Salinsky (Showalter, 2012). Salinsky settled case with the offended party Johnson before preliminary, yet Misericordia contested the claim that the emergency clinic was careless in the recruiting of Salinsky. The issue of centrality uncovered during the preliminary of Johnson v. Misericordia Community Hospital is that Salinsky’s capabilities, clinical standing and references recorded on the utilization of work were never checked by Misericordia. During the preliminary it was uncovered that; Dr. Salinsky introduced an application for work with data that included critical misquotes and rejections that ought to have been a reason for a disavowal of arrangement to Misericordia’s clinical staff. For instance, Salinsky neglected to address addresses identified with his negligence obligation protection and furthermore neglected to make reference to that his benefits had been suspended, lessened, denied or not restored at any emergency clinic. Rather, not exclusively were Salinsky’s mentioned orthopedic benefits and arrangement to the hospital’s clinical staff endorsed; Salinsky was additionally raised to the situation of Chief of Medical staff not long after joining the clinical staff. Misericordia’s clinical staff facilitator, Jane Bekos expressed that an assessment of Misericordia’s records mirrored that at no time was an examination made by anybody speaking to Misericordia, of any of the announcements discussed in Salinsky’s application or business (Showalter, 2012). This was an oversight in the interest of Misercordia regardless of the way that the Salinsky’s application for work approved Misericordia to contact his misbehavior transporters, at various times, and all the medical clinics that he had recently been related with, to acquire any data bearing on his expert fitness, just as his good, and moral capabilities for staff enrollment State the pertinent laws that the case employments. The Doctrine of Corporate Negligence holds social insurance offices, for example, emergency clinics, nursing homes and clinical centers, responsible for the prosperity of patients. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence the clinic owes certain â€Å"duties† legitimately to the patient, which can't be appointed to the clinical staff. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence Misericordia Community Hospital, owes an obligation to its patients to avoid any demonstration which will make predictable mischief others despite the fact that the idea of that damage and personality of the hurt individual or hurt intrigue are obscure at the hour of the demonstration (westlaw reference). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Thompson v. Nason Hospital grouped the hospital’s obligations into four classes. 1) an obligation to utilize sensible consideration in the support of protected and satisfactory offices and hardware; 2) an obligation to choose and hold just skillful doctors; 3) an obligation to regulate all people who practice medication inside its dividers as to quiet mind; and 4) an obligation to define, receive and uphold sufficient principles and strategies to guarantee quality consideration for the patients. The emergency clinic likewise neglected to stick to its own standing rule arrangements and to the Wisconsin sculptures identified with clinical credentialing. The respondeat predominant regulation holds an element subject for the careless demonstrations of a representative emerging from the course of their business. At the beginning of Salinsky’s work he was a self employed entity. Consequently, Johnson isn't guaranteeing Misercoridia vicariously at risk for the carelessness of Salinsky under respondeant prevalent. Salinsky would have must be a worker of Misercordia for the respondeant better tenet than hold up all through a court preliminary. All around the Corporate Negligence Doctrine implies that clinics are not, at this point safe from tort obligation when an instance of carelessness is brought to court. The medical clinic obligation is owed straightforwardly to the patient. Medical clinics who wish to maintain a strategic distance from obligation in cases, for example, Johnson v. Misercordia Community Hospital ought to guarantee that the association has a set up and working credentialing framework. Every application for business ought to be confirmed including the applicant’s earlier clinic affiliations and misbehavior transporters. There ought to likewise be a built up strategy used to affirm clinical benefits to the medical clinic and rise to different situations in the emergency clinic. The arrangement and endorsement of clinical benefits ought to likewise be affirmed by the overseeing board or official advisory group after the qualifications of the candidate have been confirmed. The selection of corporate risk (carelessness) has been connected to the rising number of clinical misbehavior guarantees, the consistently expanding cost of social insurance (especially in the United States) and furthermore the issues identified with acquiring and keeping up clinical negligence inclusion for medicinal services suppliers and elements. References Personal Injury and Corporate Negligence. (n. d. ). The Law Offices of Stephen R Bough. Recovered March 15, 2014, from boughlawfirm. com/articles/individual injury-corporate-carelessness JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. (n. d. ). JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. Recovered March 14, 2014, from leagle. com/choice/198180799Wis2d708_1746. xml/JOHNSON%20v. %20MISERICORDIA%20COMMUNITY%20HOSP. ’ Showalter, J. S. (2012). Obligation of the Healthcare Institution. The law of social insurance organization (sixth ed. , pp. 157-190). Chicago, Ill. : Health Administration Press.

Themes in Ancient Textsâ€Applicable from Past to Present Essay

The old writings concentrated in any western development course clearly have importance to today’s society either through the qualities they themselves have or the works that they propelled; in any case, not the entirety of the qualities introduced in these works are as yet significant in the cutting edge world. The Tanakh, Sophocles’ Antigone, and Plato’s Apology are not exemptions to this standard. Every one of these works has focal thoughts that are staggeringly pertinent to our cutting edge culture and thoughts that are not exactly fitting in the twenty-first century. Across societies and religions, maybe one of the most conspicuous entries from the Tanakh is the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1-14). Here, God gives Moses ten laws, which are to administer the Israelites. While this entry may appear to be significant in light of the fact that numerous individuals, particularly those of the Jewish and Christian religions, despite everything watch these laws, it is applicable to today’s society for a totally unique explanation. These Ten Commandments are one of the main arrangements of composed laws and today, nations everywhere throughout the world despite everything have sets of composed laws to oversee themselves. More rules and laws are introduced in Exodus 20:22-23:33 that spread themes that run from bondage to the homicide of others and these laws together were â€Å"a amazingly altruistic and ‘egalitarian’ assemblage of social legislation† (Trulove 34). For any general public to work appropriately, regardless of whether past or present, it is pivotal that there is some arrangement of widespread rules controlling the individuals and associations that the previously mentioned society comprises of. Another trademark component of a considerable lot of the books of the Tanakh is the not insignificant arrangements of family ancestries. For instance, the sum of the fifth part of Genesis, 32 stanzas taking all things together, is a â€Å"record ... ...me† (34). Furthermore, Socrates remarks on the defilement that stems the individuals who utilize enthusiastic strategies or requests identified with their family to attempt to get away from brutal disciplines for criminal accusations (36-37). Clearly, with false accuses and protections baffled of passionate interests, the legal framework in Athens during Socrates’ time was not exactly perfect. In America, the lawful framework clearly is more managed than this; in any case, remembering past degenerate legal frameworks can help keep that negative part of Athenian life out of our own lives. As illustrated, a large number of the early works of western human progress are as yet appropriate in today’s society. Albeit a portion of the thoughts in these antiquated writings have had importance all through time are as yet material today while others have no spot in current occasions, there is a lot to gain from crafted by the past.

Covering Letter for Acca Course Free Essays

August 21, 9999 XYZ University International Admissions Office XYZ Street, London, UK Dear Sir/Madam: I am a senior advisor at Alpha Beta Pvt Ltd. , and might want to seek after ACCA course at XYZ University. I am especially intrigued to make a profession in the field of Accounting and Finance which has consistently interested me on the enchantment of numbers and their effect on business and society on the loose. We will compose a custom exposition test on Covering Letter for Acca Course or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Furthermore, I found that my advantage lies in Accounting/Assurance, where I can best utilize my numeracy and diagnostic aptitudes. I might want to seek after my further instruction in Accounting with a worldwide capability as ACCA which would give me an amazing beginning in center bookkeeping aptitudes there by helping me fabricate a fruitful profession in fund. Additionally the work understanding, I picked up in Human Resources in the executives level would place me in a better situation than better appreciate a portion of the administration level papers of ACCA course. After the entirety of my examination on where to read for ACCA, I saw XYZ University as the best spot to read and plan for an ACCA worldwide capability. I am amped up for XYZ’s world class training duty towards representing which it has been known for a long time and I am acutely anticipating be a piece of XYZ. At 10+2 level, my fixation was in Maths, Physics and Chemistry, which has reinforced my investigative abilities. Furthermore, my work experience every one of these years in Operations and Human Resources has widened my comprehension of the financial aspects of business development and improvement. What's more, my work involvement in Alpha Beta and Sigma Omega throughout the most recent four years gave me the experience and certainty to work in a dynamic, quick paced association where adapting uickly and regard for subtleties are instrumental to progress. As an individual from the enlistment tasks, I had opportunity to cooperate with senior administration from worldwide firms like Invesco Ltd, Franklin Templeton, Cognizant Technology Solutions and Capgemini which has additionally helped my business understanding. What's more, getting worldwide budgetary capability like ACCA would unquestionably help in upgrading my money and business understanding alongside my expository abilities utilizing which I can make an imprint for myself with the help and direction from XYZ. So as to pick up hands on essentials in Accounting before I start ACCA course with BPP, I have enlisted myself with The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) which is the granting body for Chartered Accountants in India, with which I am considering Fundamentals of Accounting alongside General Economics, Mercantile Law and Quantitative Aptitude. Much thanks to you for your thought. I especially anticipate the chance to get prepared for my ACCA capability by XYZ. Earnestly, ABC GYC Step by step instructions to refer to Covering Letter for Acca Course, Essay models

Social Worker Career Profile

Social Worker Career Profile Student Resources Careers Print Social Worker Career Profile By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 27, 2019 More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips In This Article Table of Contents Expand Duties and Responsibilities Work Environment Salary Information Education Requirements Specialty Areas Job Outlook View All Back To Top Social work is an exciting career area that is highly related to psychology.  Are you looking for a career that is rewarding yet challenging? Do you want to contribute to society by helping people overcome difficulties and improve their lives? Social work fits this description, which is why many psychology undergraduates opt to pursue it. While many individuals who work in this field start by earning an undergraduate degree in social work before moving on to graduate school, some psychology majors opt to switch to a social work Masters program after earning their degrees. So what exactly is a social worker? These mental health professionals help people with a broad range of issues, including psychological, financial, health, relationship, and substance abuse problems. Learn more about what social workers do, the educational requirements, and the projected job outlook for the field. Fast Facts Social workers held approximately 649,300  jobs in 2014, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Most jobs in the field require a Masters degree in Social Work.Social workers are employed in a variety of settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, schools, nonprofit agencies, and government offices. What They Do The field of social work utilizes social theories to understand human problems, to help improve peoples lives, and to improve society as a whole. Many who work in this field specialize in particular areas, such as helping children, assisting those life-threatening problems, or aiding people in overcoming addictions. Social workers: Act as advocates for their clientsEducate clients and teach them new skillsLink clients to essential resources within the communityProtect vulnerable clients and ensure that their best interests are observedCounsel clients who need support and assistanceResearch social problems to look for remedies Work Environment According to the U.S. Department of Labor, five out of every ten social workers are employed in the health care and social assistance sectors. This might include hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practices. Government agencies employ another three out of every ten social workers at the state and local levels. Professionals who work in government positions might conduct child welfare assessments, help individuals in need of public assistance, and work with people who have come into contact with the criminal justice system. Salary Information Salaries can vary based on various factors, including geographic location, educational background, and specialty area. According to the National Association of Social Workers, those just starting out in their career with an undergraduate degree in social work earn around $30,000 per year. Those with a Masters degree typically average around $40,000 to $50,000 depending upon experience. The U.S. Department of Labor reports the following median yearly earnings for different specialty areas in social work: Child, Family and School Social Workers: $37,480Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers: $35,410Medical and Public Health Social Workers: $43,040 Educational Requirements In order to become a social worker, a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree is the minimum requirement. However, some individuals with psychology, sociology, and education degrees are able to find entry-level jobs in social work. If you are interested in providing therapy services, then a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree is required. Are you interested in teaching at the university level or conducting research? Then you will need to earn a doctorate degree in social work (DSW). Requirements vary by state, but most states require social workers to be licensed, registered, or certified in their field. For example, becoming a licensed clinical social worker generally requires taking an exam and completing at least two years of supervised clinical experience. Specialty Areas Medical and Public Health Social Workers Those who specialize in medical or public health social work offer  psychosocial services to individuals, families, and groups who are affected by acute, chronic, and terminal illnesses. These services might involve providing psychological counseling, connecting clients with resources in the community, and helping families who are caring for a sick loved one. Child, Family, and School Social Workers Child, family, and school social workers work with children and families. Some work in school settings to help children with academic, social, and emotional issues. Others may work with foster children, help arrange adoptions, and assist single parents. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers Mental health and substance abuse social workers assess and treat individuals suffering from mental health problems or addiction and substance abuse issues. Social workers in this specialty area may provide crisis counseling, individual therapy, group therapy, skills education, and psychosocial rehabilitation services. Job Outlook The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that social work careers are expected to grow faster than the average over the next ten years. While it is predicted that employment opportunities in urban areas will be more competitive, the Department of Labor suggests that job demand will also be good in rural locations. If youre unsure whether this career path is right for you, a  psychology careers self-test can help you find out.

Microeconomics Is The Study Of Consumer Behavior - Free Essay Example

Microeconomics is the study of consumer behavior, which entails what the consumer would buy. In healthcare this a vital aspect of improving patient health. Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR), are records that ensure patient information electronically, such as test results, check-ups, and medications. Microeconomics and EHRs tend to stand together since EHRs are open and it gives the patient access to their records. While EHRs are a tool to give the patient access to their records, most medical facilities allow the patient to book appointments check their up to date vitals, if the patient must give vitals daily, and speak with their physicians on misunderstandings. This option gives the patient control over their health. The study of microeconomics has changed the demeanor of healthcare, with rapidly improving patient care. Microeconomics is a synonym for convenient. I say that because it is the study of consumer behavior, and within the health care field, convenience is vital. Convenience is anything that makes one task easier. As previously stated EHRs are the newest and most effective way of making the doctor and patient relationship more convenient. Now with EHRs, there comes a risk of privacy breaching. HITECH ACT also known as the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. This act anticipated the expansion in the exchange of electronic protected health information (ePHI) between doctors, hospitals, and other entities that store ePHI for the sole reason of cutting down on the cost of healthcare by sharing (Compliancy Group, 2018) The usage of EHRS has evolved rapidly over time. With multiple tech companies such as 3M who put together the first EHR, HELP, Health Evaluation through Logical Processing. In 1968 Harvard released COSTAR, Computer Stored Ambulatory Record, it was used within the Massachusetts General Hospital. The United States government has been using EHRs since the 1970s with its implementation of Vista which stored Veterans data. Since the government uses its resources well, it branched off and gave the public a version of their VistA and released CPRS, Computerized Patient Record System. While many tech companies and healthcare facilities were collaborating on new EHRs there were several problems that needed to be adjusted. The cost of this technology, a common terminology that can be used throughout the healthcare industry, and lastly, security. Most of these problems will be solved with the HITECH Act that was passed by Barrack Obama in 2009. This act reformed the nature of the relationships among health care professionals, organizations, patients, and payors by focusing on the implementation and use of health information technology. It puts prominence on privacy and security, including expanded application and enforcement (Howard Burde, 2011`). Here is how HITECH has helped with the previous three problems that affected the EHR process (cost of technology, common terminology, and security). The HITECH Act has different stages before one can officially use certified and qualified EHRs. Stage one is where common terminology comes into effect. The EHRs should be set up to where the physician can read the patients information. Stage two and three are intertwined with each other since both is about improvement on patient care. The second stage is disease management clinical decision support, medication management support for patient access to their health information, transitions in care, quality measurement and research, and bi-directional communication with public health agencies (Howard Burde, 2011`). This part of the stage is focused on being able to exchange patient information just in case the patient decides to see another physician or is sent to a specialist. Stage three address improvements in quality, safety, and efficiency, focusing on decision support for national high priority conditions, patient access to self-management tools, access to comprehensive patient data, and improving population health outcomes (Howard Burde, 2011`). For security purposes, the HITECH Act protects the HIPAA Act. To summarize the HIPAA Act it gives the patient protection over their records. In other words, it protects the patient data, so no one can have the ability to steal any information. Now with more information about the HITECH ACT and EHRs how does this technology affect the consumers, insurers, and hospital systems? The consumers are who the hospitals are targeting, so they abide by what the consumer wants, and consumers have wanted access to their health records without having to call and place an order to eventually go pick up the health record. Also, I remember this moment quite vividly, have you ever had a conversation with your doctor and after you two are done, you are lost and stuck with more questions than previously? Well, EHRs have taken care of that problem, now you can access your information from your phone and google all of the terms you may not understand. This gives the consumer more control over their health. HITECH AND EHRs benefit the insurer, by having access to billing information, cuts down on human error. Hospital systems have to be up to date and able to have multiple functions. The multiple functions are for the different units of the hospital such as cardio, radiology, and even the warehouse of the hospital. All information must be protected, and the warehouse information is just as important as patient information. In conclusion, HITECH/EHRs are vital to hospitals, insurers, and lastly consumers. Throughout the paper, different topics were brought up such as the key elements, discussed how the government played a part in executing the HITECH ACT and the importance of EHRs and how they have improved throughout time, The HITECH ACT was put into place by Barrack Obama in 2009. Electronic Health Records (EHR) have improved drastically during their timeframe and is still improving. Electronic health records are very vital to the healthcare system since it enlightened the HIPAA act, which protects patient records. The HITECH Act was just a security measure for the HIPAA Act and to enforce the usage of Electronic Health Records. Works Cited Compliancy Group . (2018). What is the HITECH Act? Retrieved from compliancy group: https://compliancy-group.com/what-is-the-hitech-act/ Howard Burde, J. (2011`). THE HITECH ACT: An Overview. AMA Journal of Ethics, 1.

The Tales Of Beowulf And The Descriptions Of His Battles

When reading the tales of Beowulf and the descriptions of his battles, you tend to think that this is about a god-like or super-powered creator - anything but human. The truth surrounding Beowulf, if there truly is a truth to these tales, is something that remains unclear, because almost nothing other than Beowulf, as far as writings and literature, has survived from this time in history. Beowulf, however, has been written and rewritten, again and again, because these tales were so popular with the people of that time period. These tales had everything going for them, particularly the trials and making of a good, godly man or god-like man. Heroic, epic battles, strength, blood and grit, all things that good story tellers needed for an interesting story. Yet, this is not to say that Beowulf is like any other human being walking around; no, Beowulf is a Geat, and the last one of his kind. Beowulf has the strength of 30 men in each arm and a grasp strong enough to kill. Beowulf feel s that he â€Å"owes his self to the king of Hrothgar because of his fathers ties†.(260-264) Hrothgar took in Ecgtheow in a time of need, and Ecgtheow, being Beowulf s father, pledged himself to the King of Danes. Beowulf lives across the sea from the Danes, so it takes some time before the stories about what is going on in the land of the Danes to make it across the water. Beowulf learns of these tales and loads a ship with 14 warriors, setting sail for the land of the Danes. When Beowulf and hisShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Analysis712 Words   |  3 PagesWhile reading the epic tale of the almighty, brave Beowulf, readers are forced to ask themselves questions regarding the reliability of the story. In these types of stories literature, â€Å"readers are required to do more ‘detective’ work to determine whether a narrator is trustworthy or not† (Olsen 104). The tale of the almighty warrior Beowulf can be hard to believe due to because of its use of an unreli able narrator. In the epic poem Beowulf, the third person omniscient narrator can be seen as unreliableRead MoreBeowulf Literary Analysis Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesRonis Aba September 27th, 2012 Period 6th â€Å"No better king had ever lived, no prince so mild, no man so open to his people, so deserving of praise.† This is an ultimate description of the heroic events of Beowulf, an old Anglo-Saxon poem about a warrior who battles and destroys three horrifying monsters. Although written long ago, the emotions expressed within this work, emotions of bravery, valor, and ethics still speak to us centuries later. The anonymous author of the poemRead MoreBeowulf: a Pagan Epic Hero?1681 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf: A Pagan Epic Hero? Throughout literature there have been countless parallels and references to the story of Christ as written in the Bible. 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Therefore, many believe he aided the Danes becauseRead MoreBeowulf: an Epic Hero983 Words   |  4 PagesNate Gauvain British Literature Beowulf Essay 9/22/04 Beowulf: An Epic Hero According to Abrams, the heroic poem is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Beowulf fits Abrams description of an epic, exhibiting all of the characteristics listed throughout the book, thus defining Beowulf as a hero and making the book an epic through itsRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Beowulf As Symbolized By His Swords942 Words   |  4 PagesCharacteristics of Beowulf as Symbolized by His Swords In Beowulf, the unknown bard employs the use of swords as symbols to display the true nature of the epic hero. Throughout Beowulf, swords play a large role of simply a hero’s weapon of choice; however, the motif of swords are crucial to the development of many of the epic poem’s characters, especially Beowulf himself (Culbert 13). The reader is able to perceive Beowulf’s pride, loyalty, and strength all through the bond with his swords; accordinglyRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 Pageslongest epic poem ever written in the genre of Old English is â€Å"Beowulf†, it has been composed in the native language as spoken during the Anglo-Saxon reign in England, preceding the Norman Conquest. Beowulf is regarded as a classic tale which relates the defeat of evil and triumph of good. The poem is divided into three acts. Christian and Pagan Influences in Beowulf: The Pagan deities, rituals as well as pagan ideas influenced Beowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down of the epic

Problems With the ACT and SAT Essay - 1384 Words

Throughout high school and college we will go through a vast amount of testing but why? Testing is used to show a person’s amount of knowledge on a particular subject. Usually it’s for one specific subject and not a majority of them, the standardized tests include all testable subjects as in English, math, science, writing, and reading. However, before we can all begin our college careers we have to take one of two tests, the ACT or the SAT. These two tests determine the college you get into, the amount of scholarships you will receive, and even whether or not your will be accepted into any college. These standardized tests are used by schools because they find that it is an easy way to test a student’s ability. However, the†¦show more content†¦With college admissions relying so highly on these tests many bright and capable students are getting left with little options (Sternberg 7). These students are facing this because the ACT and SAT primary focus o n a narrow segment of skills that are needed to become a person that makes significant differences to the world (Sternberg 7). College’s argue that the admission test give them a quick glimpse of what the students potential is because they do not have to time to individually evaluate each potential student. This may be true but we need a better way to distinguish a person’s abilities than just a simple score on a test. Creativity drives today’s world, with new technology arriving daily and science conducting itself further. We need creative and imaginative people in today’s atmosphere to bring the world to the next step forward. â€Å"Standardized college admissions tests assess only analytical skills, as well as the knowledge base on which they act, and completely ignore creative and practical skills (Sternberg 7)†. Without creative people in this world, where do you think we would be? Not very far. We need practical skills to go throughout everyd ay life. The standardized tests don’t test for that knowledge base, they test how much short term memory aShow MoreRelatedSAT Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesseniors are racing to testing centers last minute to gain extra points on their ACT and SAT scores. American College Testing (ACT) and Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) are college entrance tests giving ways for high school students to gain acceptance into college and earn merit scholarships. Typically Ivy League colleges require their students to score in the top 0.1% which means earning perfect scores on their ACT or SAT test. So when the fall season rolls around, students are cramming all night beforeRead MoreACT SAT vs Our Children’s Future? Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesOne thing strikes fear into the hearts of most high school students across the United States: the ACT and SAT. Before a high school student can be accepted into most colleges or universities they must first take a test. Whether it is the A CT or SAT, students are forced to sit in a silent room for hours on end while answering hundreds of question about information they are supposed to know. The truth is that our students are suffering from such gruesome tests knowing that it could potential hurtRead MoreStandardized Aptitude : What If Someone Told You?1341 Words   |  6 Pagestrue that only those with the highest SAT scores should attend college as he states in his essay â€Å"Are Too Many People Going To College?† In his, article he explain that high-test scores are a strong predictor for student success because it measure a students’ intelligence or aptitude for higher education. Ultimately, he is wrong to assume that test score should be used as a sole reason for college admission. Charles Murry states students’ with either high SAT or ACT score should attend college but heRead More Standardized Testing: The SAT and the ACT Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesrole in the college admission decisi ons. The role of admission exams is always changing and evolving with time. The most prominent exams used are the SAT and the ACT. Their purpose is for gauging student knowledge for placement and possible success rate. Each test is comprised of numerous educational factors to gauge knowledge. The SAT and the ACT derived from other test forms to become what they are today. In addition to being an entrance exam, the grades obtained from these exams are used to formulateRead MoreStandardized Stress: Sleep, Eat, Study Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesthis stress is a byproduct of a common and feared tool: standardized tests. Such exams claim to predict college performance in an objective fashion and in large bolded letters. But, they are not as fair as they seem. In reality, the SAT, and its counterpart, the ACT, are poor indicators of college performance. High school students often struggle with certain types of assessments in a myriad of classroom environments. As a matter of fact, learning styles differ from person to person. There are visualRead MoreStandardized Tests Don t Measure Intelligence Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesalso don’t show how hard working a student is, which is important and can be proven by a GPA. Many schools measure the teacher and school on how well they are teaching based on how high of a score the students place on a standardized test. The problem with this is that the people who make these standardized tests have no idea what the students have learned in the classroom so that being said, the students often are not tested on what their teacher has taught them during the school year. W. JamesRead MoreEnglish As Second Law Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagestheir native language with their families at home because their families are not fluent in English. According to Robinson (2012), ninety-three percent of schools in the US use norm-referenced exams such as the American College Test (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which measure reading and vocabulary in addition to the student’s Grade Point Average (GPA) for acceptance into colleges and universities. Moreover, Marzano’s study (2014) showed that students who speak a second language at homeRead Mo reThe Pros And Cons Of Standardized Testing1458 Words   |  6 Pagestake the SAT or ACT. The ACT and SAT are both standardized test used by colleges to determine the knowledge of a student and predict what their performance will be in their first year of college. An immense amount of pressure is put on student to receive certain scores in order to obtain scholarships and admission into college. Even just one point on a student’s score can determine if they will be accepted into their dream college. However, the results from standardized tests, such as the ACT and SATRead MoreThe Stress Of Standardized Tests1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stress of Standardized Tests Many know the stressful feeling of having to take the ACT. The exam room fills slowly with worried faces and remains quiet until the test stars. Students grasp their pencils tightly, their palms sweating with the thought of their future at stake with this single test. In order to get into any college, an ACT or SAT score is required. These required scores for admission vary from school to school which can make it difficult for every student to attend their dream schoolRead More Standardized tests in Illinois Essay978 Words   |  4 Pageseffective teaching methods. Schools are graded to see if there overall program is helping the student to achieve their goals. In the next paragraphs I am going to explain to you about the purpose of the American College Testing Program (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Learned helplessness is a phenomenon containing three components: contingency, cognition, and behavior. Contingency addresses the uncontrollability of the situation. Cognition refers to the attributions

Essay on Inconsistencies in Humes Empirical Thought

Inconsistencies in Humes Empirical Thought In his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume attempts to uncover the ultimate truth about where our knowledge comes from. This leads him to suggest that all our ideas and knowledge arise from outward experiences and sensations. He attempts to prove this by solving the problem of induction. I disagree with Humes ideas, and in this essay I will explain why. I shall begin by explaining the problem of induction, and the sceptical doubts Hume raises concerning the inductive process. I will then explain how Hume solves the problem. Finally, I will conclude by offering a critique of Humes doctrine, and explain why I find it to be inconsistent. In order to understand†¦show more content†¦Once Hume establishes the ultimate source of knowledge, he then attempts to probe into the various types of ideas, and how ideas relate to one another ? He suggests that all ideas are related in one of three ways: First, Hume utilizes the concept of resemblance. He explains this concept through an analogy of a photograph. In his words, a picture naturally leads our thoughts to the original.3 The basic idea here is that an impression leads one to remember the object, which one has experienced. The second way in which ideas give rise to one another is through Contiguity. Basically, contiguity suggests that thinking of one object inevitably leads one a discourse concerning the others. The third way Hume offers is that of Cause and Effect. This seems to be the most obvious of the three. When we think of a cause, we invariably envision its effect. When we imagine placing our hand on a hot stove, we generally accompany that id ea with its perceived effect, i.e. getting burned. These principles, which Hume refers to as connexions, form the glue that bind all ideas together. After explaining where ideas come from, and how they connect to one another, Hume is now free to delve into the actual objects of human reason and enquiry. Here, Hume divides all the objects into two categories: Relations of Ideas and Matters of Fact.4 The first idea can be defined as those ideas that arise from pure logic, such as arithmetic and spatialShow MoreRelated David Hume’s Two Definitions of Cause Essay3281 Words   |  14 PagesDavid Hume’s Two Definitions of Cause David Hume’s two definitions of cause found in both A Treatise of Human Nature, and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding have been the center of much controversy in regards to his actual view of causation. Much of the debate centers on the lack of consistency between the two definitions and also with the definitions as a part of the greater text. As for the latter objection, much of the inconsistency can be remedied by sticking to the account presentedRead More Fallibilism and Epistemology Essay5056 Words   |  21 Pagesin the Theaetetus. Epistemology could have leaped ahead two millennia, and some Hellenistic Greek could have been Ed Gettier. Perhaps a more famous victim of the quest for certainty is Descartes. He noticed that he was often wrong about things he thought he knew, even about some things he believed with a great deal of confidence. Not only have some of his well-grounded theories turned out to be wrong, but even the most certain of things, like his mathematical calculations (who hasn’t made a mathematical

Childhood Obesity Obesity And Obesity Essay - 1671 Words

Fight to End Obesity Childhood obesity has increased drastically over the past years and has become a health risk to children. In fact, childhood obesity has doubled in numbers in the past thirty years (Childhood Obesity Facts). Obesity occurs when an individual becomes overweight and can be diagnosed by using the body mass index or BMI scale. Obesity causes many diseases in children which cannot be cured without a doctor, in result, childhood obesity drives high health care costs. The existence of childhood obesity has begun to get out of control and there is little effort to prevent the obesity epidemic. The number of children who are obese have greatly increased over the years and people are trying to come up with a solution to prevent obesity. Without the prevention of obesity future generations could be in serious trouble with health issues. Childhood obesity should be prevented by showing the youth that healthy is the smart option, the main causes of obesity include lack of gui dance, fast food restaurants, and the market for unhealthy foods. The rising numbers of childhood obesity benefits the health care system because with obesity comes many doctors visits, and many doctors visits comes with plenty of money spent in the health care system. Childhood obesity causes an early onset of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and even asthma (Chronic Disease). With all of these health problems and diseases follows suffering of the youngShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Obesity1247 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity: A Review to Prevent the Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity in Our Community. The rates of childhood obesity Worldwide are alarmingly high! Obesity is a global nutritional concern and leads to horrible consequences on our children and becomes a worldwide pandemic. Worldwide estimates of obesity are as high as 43 million, and rates continue to increase each year. In this study, people will find healthy tips to prevent childhood overweight or obesity to help children in our communitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Childhood Obesity Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pagesfind out what has caused or what the leading factors to obesity are. Researchers are currently still doing research to find out what causes or what may be the lead to obesity. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition which considers a child to be obese if their Body Mass Index (BMI) is at or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. (Rendall., Weden, Lau, Brownell, Nazarov Fernandes, 2014). Obesity is on a rise in the Unites States and all over the worldRea d MoreChildhood Obesity : Children Can Not Combat Obesity1158 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood Obesity Jesus Dorado DeVry University Prewriting My narrowed topic is that parents need to play a bigger role in helping reduce childhood obesity. Children cannot combat obesity by themselves. My primary audience consists of parents of children (ages 7-12). This is my primary audience because parents of young children should be aware of the potential dangers of childhood obesity. If parents do not teach their children how to make healthy decisions, their children will beRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Adolescent Essay3626 Words   |  15 PagesChildhood Obesity: The Adolescent The Finale Paper Presented to: GEN499: General Education Capstone Instructor: Robert Bass Ashford University By: Ranita Wallace March 27, 2015 Childhood Obesity: The Adolescent Obesity is a growing health problem. Obesity is when individuals are overweight, it causes health problems and is a threat to their lives. Usually obesity is a result from over eating and lack of exercise. Obesity is the cause of many health problems such as diabetesRead MoreEssay on Childhood Obesity1599 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income families particularly in the United States. The socioeconomic status of these families contributes to the childhood obesity epidemic. Summary of Article 1 The article, â€Å"Beliefs about the Role of Parenting in Feeding and Childhood Obesity among Mothers of Lower Socioeconomic Status† is a study that was conducted by Alison KalinowskiRead MoreThe Causes Of Childhood Obesity1937 Words   |  8 PagesCauses of Childhood Obesity Imagine yourself walking into a kindergarten class, and all you see are obese children not walking, but moving on wheels because they simply cannot walk anymore due to their excess body weight. Their legs are so weak since they have to handle so much more weight than what they are designed to do. This vision may no longer be fictional if the world keeps ignoring the issue of childhood obesity. Nowadays, not only adults, but the number of children who are obese are incrediblyRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity has remained a serious matter in the United States over the years despite its recent decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Children who are obese can experience the same devastating health effects as adults who are obese – cardiovascular issues, diabetes, breathing problems, and so forth. In addition, children who are obese are more than likely to become obese as adults, therefore the development of a health fair that would highlight increasedRead MoreChildhood Obesity and Its Effect1260 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is considered to be a serious issue among our youth. Obesity can cause many types of physical problems, which most are aware of, but it can also cause some undesirable internal feelings within children and adolescents who suffer from it. Self-este em, or self-worth, is important as it helps develop personality and is a major ingredient to our mental health status (Wang, F. and Veugelers, P. J., 2008). Some have said obesity may even have a negative effect on cognitive developmentRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a 2010 report by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past thirty years. As well as having an impact on health, studies have cited a relationship between obesity and poor school performance as well as a child’s readiness for learning and education. This can be correlated with studies finding â€Å"obese children have a greater risk of social and psychological problems, such as discrimination and poor self-esteem†Read MoreThe Issue Of Childhood Obesity2238 Words   |  9 PagesSmaller governmental initiatives have proven effective, as well as campaigns run by non-governmental organizati on, yet a large scale federal initiative has yet to be established. Childhood obesity is an ever growing epidemic that has increased to unacceptable proportions. In order to prevent any further escalation of this public, federal legislation must be advocated for and passed that creates more opportunities for physical activity, increased access to healthy food, and puts an end to dishonest

Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People Free Essays

Assignment 008 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Task A 1. Identify a current national piece of legislation relevant to safeguarding children and young people’s welfare. United Nations Convention on the rights of a child. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Identify two current local policies, procedures or guidance in relation to safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Child Protection Policy and Health and Safety Policy. 3. Complete the following table with two examples. Agency nameRole of the agency (involved in safeguarding(in own work setting) ————————————————- Children and young people) Children Young People Portfolio Advice and support regarding (social Services) child abuse. _________________________________________________________ Early Intervention Advisory Team Supporting a child’s individual needs and working alongside key workers. 4. Complete the following table. Types of child abuseList 3 characteristics for each ————————————————- Type of child abuse PhysicalBruises in strange places, cuts Burns/scalds ————————————————- EmotionalWithdrawn, stammering/stuttering, acting totally different to normal. ————————————————- SexualItching/pain in gentile area, wetting/soiling themselves, inappropriate play with toys/dolls ————————————————- NeglectDirty, constantly tired, malnourished BullyingWithdrawn, finding excuses not to go to school, asking for money. 5. Complete the following table. ————————————————- Concerns that a colleague isGive a description of the action to take in response. Failing to comply withReport concerns straight away ———————————————— Safeguarding pr oceduresto the manager/designated person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then the deputy must be informed. Harming, abusing orReport concerns straight away Bullying a child orto the manager/designated Young person. person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then report to the deputy manager and trustees. 6. Describe the principles and boundaries of confidentiality and when to share information. In many cases the passing of information is routine, relating to the child’s daily care and needs. Other than this all records and information given by the parents is kept locked away and only made available to staff working closely with the child concerned. Information on child protection issues will only be shared with other staff on a need to know basis. This need to know basis refers to outside agencies if they become involved. Parents have the rights to see the records on their children if requested. If parents disclose any confidential information to a member of staff they must be told that the information will be shared with the manager whilst assuring them that it will not be discussed outside the nursery setting. There are no circumstances in which disclosure of child abuse will be kept confidential. Assignment 008 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Task B 2. Produce a five point action plan to follow if a child is suffering from any or all of the following sign and symptoms: Severe headache, feeling nauseous, raised temperature, sensitivity to light, raised rash or spots. Actions to take 1. Check temperature 2. Check for rash, spots, photophobia 3. Ring ambulance 4. Ring parents/carer 5. Move to a quiet area away from other children. 3. Complete the following table showing what actions to take in an emergency. Fire In the event of a fire dial 999. The staff will evacuate the children quietly and calmly to the assembly point. The manager/deputy will collect the emergency contact list, visitors register, staff register and mobile phone (if it is safe to do so). The senior person in each room will check that there are no children in the cloak rooms or toilets and ensure windows and doors are closed (if in no immediate danger) and take the register with them. At the assembly point children, staff and visitors are checked against the registers to ensure no one is missing. Never re-enter the building unless you have been cleared to do so by the fire services. Security incident Politely greet the intruder, identify yourself and ask the purpose of their visit. Explain that all visitors must sign in. If the intruder becomes agitated and refuses to leave the building peacefully, try to calm them whilst a colleague calls the police. Children should be moved to a room furthest from the intruder and distracted by staff and will stay there until the police arrive. Explain to the police what has happened so they can deal with the intruder. If the person leaves before the police arrive do not detain them. Remember to log any incidents and review all security measures. Missing children or young person As soon as a child has gone missing the manager must be notified immediately. The remaining children are moved to one room with appropriate number of staff, remaining staff will search the area the child was last seen for a maximum of 5 minutes. Inform the infant school and organise a search of school grounds for 10 minutes with all available staff. After a maximum of 15 minutes the child’s parents/carers and emergency services are contacted. How to cite Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People, Papers Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People Free Essays Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 – which ensure that children are safe and looked after, children have the right to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect, negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them. Children act 1989 Parents and professionals must work to ensure the safety of the child. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now This act includes two important sections : Section 47 states that the local authority has a duty to investigate if they have cause to suspect a child that lives or is found in their area is suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. Section 17 states that services must be put in place by local authority to safeguard the welfare of the children within their area who need it. The Education Act 2002 This sets out the responsibilities of Local Education Authorities (LEAs), Governing bodies, head teachers and all those working in schools to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. Children Act 2004 This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters. It includes the requirement for: †¢Services to work more closely, forming an integrated service. a common assessment framework to help the early identification of need †¢a shared database of information which is relevant to the safety and welfare of children †¢Earlier support for parents who experiencing problems. Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 This sets out the duties of organisations and how they must work together to safeguard children and young people. E-safety 2008 The council has produced a strategy to increase the awareness of internet safety. Set out measures to protect children from unsuitable sites and establish codes of practice. How to cite Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People, Papers

Midterm Paper free essay sample

He would have to endure the stares and the stories of his paralyzed imbs. The moral issue of discharging Dawson from the hospital should be considered because he is suspected of leaving and committing assisted suicide due to his quadriplegic condition. In the case of the baby, the moral issue is also of quality of life. The mother has decided to not have the surgery performed and have nutrients taken away from her child. The baby has lived for less than ten hours and obviously cannot yet make a decision for herself. If the surgery was to be performed and the baby fully recovered, the quality of life would still come into play. Because she does not know how it is to ive with working limbs, she would be able to cope and learn how to function better than in Dawsons case. Although she would be would most likely cope better without limbs, the question arises of What would she be able to do on her own? She would need someone to be with her at all times: to feed her, bath her, go to the restroom with her, dress her, and all other everyday tasks. Thus, the quality of life in this child should be considered when deciding if she should have the surgery to remove the anomalies or not. Previously, the Metropolitan Hospital board had agreed to refrain rom providing breathing assistance and/or nourishment for people who have so stated their wishes. Thus, in this case of Roosevelt Dawson, he has previously met with both his mother and his social worker discussing his choices as to what his options were after he is discharged from the hospital. This can create a legal issue due to the fact that Dawson was originally going to be able to be discharged from the Metropolitan Hospital. If the Metropolitan Hospital were to refrain from discharging Dawson, then that could cause some disagreements with Dawsons wishes and the ants of his social worker and his physicians. Dawson has also been found completely competent, which can provide stability to his life after his current stay at the hospital and thus strengthen his case to leave. Regarding the case of the baby girl, it has been stated, in our text, that contemporary ethical and legal norms hold that all human beings born alive should be treated equally, regardless of disability. This can call for a legal case because if this baby girl were to have been born with legs and arms, would the mother still not want surgery performed? And if she did not ish to have surgery, then that would call into her competence and if she were able to make a proper decision about the situation? If all human beings born alive should her baby girl? Thus, because the mother is not treating her child as if she were a baby without a disability, the hospital can be accused of following through with the wishes of an incompetent woman. According to the Child Abuse Amendments (CAA) of 1984, which ended the political controversy over the federal role in decisions to withhold treatment from handicapped newborns, legal issues could arise from the ospital not treating the baby. This amendment strongly protects the rights and interests of those with disabilities and leaves little room for non-treatment decisions to be based on expected low quality of life or the interests of parents. All children, whatever the extent of their disabilities, are to be granted medical treatment unless they met the narrowly defined exceptions. Also, in our text, at the very least, CAA could be perceived as setting the standard of care to which hospitals and doctors would be held, both by accrediting bodies and by courts hearing challenges to ontreatment decisions. The baby girl case has similarities with the case of Miller v. HCA, in our text. In this Texas Supreme Court decision, while recognizing that parents ordinarily have the right to consent to or to refuse medical care for their children, the court also recognized that an exception to the parental consent requirement arises when an emergent condition exists and treatment must occur immediately to prevent the death of the child. Although, in Miller v. HCA, the court found that the doctors initial resuscitation in Miller was Justified because the situation was an emergency nd there was not enough time necessary to get consent form the parents or from a court. The court only found the doctors actions rationalized because the doctor did not have enough time to consult with the parents before making the life or death decision. In this case, the physician has time to get consent from the mother, which could then be argued, that if the neonatal team would have been taking action without the mothers consent, and would not be Justified. The two cases of Roosevelt Dawson and the baby girl have a several significant similar qualities to them: loss of imbs, the quality of their lives would be questionable, and both Dawson and the baby have other parties trying to make a life or death decision for them. In terms of quality of life, Dawson is a recent quadriplegic patient and the baby girl has been born without limbs. When calling into account the quality of their lives without limbs, should the baby have surgery and Dawson leave the hospital, could be considered of extremely difficult quality of life. Finally, Dawsons social worker is pushing a court order for Dawson to stay in the hospital and not be discharged, while the babys eonatal staff is pushing a court order to disregard the mothers decision on not having the baby undergo surgery and removing the nutrients currently being given. Although there are some similarities surrounding the cases of Dawson and the baby, there are positively some differences that cannot go unmentioned. Firstly in the case of Roosevelt Dawson, he is a twenty-one year old completely competent male, wishing to leave the hospital. But, according to his social worker, he is has the intentions of assisted suicide. In the case of the baby, she is a less than ten hour old female. She cannot take nourishment orally because she has anomalies of the mouth and throat, which can be surgically removed. Her mother is refusing to give the neonatal staff permission for surgery and has asked the hospital not to nourish her baby girl. Because the baby cannot make a decision for herself, her mother is her making specific differences between them, how they should be handled, and how their physicians should interact with both them and their families. In order to relate to the patients in these cases, there are four types of physician-patient relationship models hat should be considered. The first type of relationship representation is the paternalistic model. According to our text, this model ensures that the patients receive the interventions that best promote their health and well being. In other words, the physician is acting as a guardian to the patient strongly suggesting or telling the patient what the best option for him or her would be in that particular scenario. The second type of relationship model is called the informative model. Here, the objective of the physician-patient interaction is for the physician to provide he patient with all relevant information, and the patient selects the option they want, and the physician follows through with their wishes. A fairly to-the-point model: provide the information, make a decision, act accordingly. The third model is the interpretive model. The aim for this model is to illuminate the patients values and what he or she actually wants, and to help the patient select the available medical interventions that realize their values. This model is more interpretive, the physician tries to assess the patients core values and help them make a decision after considering them. Lastly, is the deliberative model with the goal of this model is to help the patient determine and choose the best health-related values that can be realized in the clinical setting. In this model, the physician would suggest the best option for the patients health, not considering any moral values, but only those that would be best clinical wise. Considering all the types of physician-patient relationships explained in the previous paragraph, the best relationship that should be established in the case of Roosevelt Dawson should be the interpretive model. This model would best fit Dawsons case because he needs to know what he values. Because what he values (could be his life, family, friends, functioning limbs) could have him change his mind in wanting to be discharged. Because what would be best for his health and therefore his values, could be to have him stay in the hospital or at home with a physician assisting him and his family. Thus, if he were to realize that his moral values were to stay alive, then the best way to do that would be to listen to the physicians around him. The type of relationship that should be established in the baby girls case should e the paternalistic model. This is because in this model, the physician would act as the babys guardian and implement what is best for the babys life and has obligations, including that of placing the babys interest above his or her own and soliciting the views of the mother, who seems to lack adequate knowledge of the situation. This is the best model for this case because the physician would initially be the guardian for the baby, rather than the mother, and will thus make the best decision for the baby and disregard the views of the mother. To keep in mind moral utonomy when assessing the physician-patient relationships is vital. Moral autonomy is defined in our text as: to act freely, is to act autonomously; to act according to a law you give yourself and not according to the desires of nature or pleasure; and to respect each persons liberty to self-determine their own idea of the looking at various perspectives. Dawsons choice to leave the hospital relates to his ability to act freely; if he does in fact wish to commit assisted suicide, it is to act according to a law he has given unto himself. Thus, to respect each persons liberty to elf-determine their own idea of the good is to respect Dawsons idea that being discharged from the hospital is his best option.

Nozzle Less Propulsion free essay sample

Abstract: In Rockets and Missiles combustion gas of an integral burning of a propellant flows along the duct of the propellant. If the nozzles attached to a rocket motor are removed, the pressure on the duct becomes equal to atmospheric pressure and no sonic velocity is attained at the rear end of the duct. Then no thrust generated by the combustion of the propellant. In nozzleless propulsion the mass burning rate of the propellant in the duct is increased and the flow reaches sonic velocity the increased pressure in the duct is converted in to thrust.Current paper deals with such an area of nozzles propulsion experimental results and current utilization in the aerospace propulsion. Nozzleless Propulsion is a propulsion unit for the acceleration of a self propellant vehicle such as missiles or a rocket is loaded with a propellant block secured laterally to the body of the propulsion unit by means of a combustion inhibitor and has more than aspect ratio of 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Nozzle Less Propulsion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0.The propellant blocks has one axial duct and at least 6 peripheral ducts and one upstream face, is required with a fitting secured to the body of propulsion unit. This fitting provides a free space between the upstream face of the propulsion unit the axial duct and the peripheral ducts opening into this free space via orifices made in the fitting. The combustion gases are ejected rearward without being fed through a nozzle. Sonic velocity is achieved downstream of the ducts.Experimental results are presented for four nozzleless motors of different length-diameter (L/D) ratios using two different composite propellants. The experimental observations discussed are: the premature unchoking in motors of insufficient L/D ratios and the tendency for the propellant to extinguish under highly negative pressure gradient environment, both peculiar to nozzleless operation. A simple one dimensional numerical scheme is presented to predict the performance of a nozzleless solid motor.Erosive burning, elastic grain deformation and L/D ratio-dependent combustion efficiency are considered in the scheme. A relatively simple procedure is followed to account for the coupling effect between port gas dynamics and elastic grain deformation. The experimental results are compared with those predicted by the numerical scheme. The predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values.

Food Security in Detroit

Introduction Although Detroit is the largest city in the state of Michigan, it is the poorest city in the U.S. with unemployment rate of near 50 percent and a child poverty level of 47 percent. Community food security is a condition where all members of a community have access and close proximity to enough nutritious, culturally acceptable food at all times from environmentally sustainable sources.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Food Security in Detroit – Michigan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The food security policy of Detroit was created to ensure that all the city’s citizens are hunger free and food secure at all times. The policy addresses accessibility to quality food, hunger and malnutrition, inadequate diet, civic education, economic injustice, urban agriculture, and food security in schools. Accessibility to Quality Food More than 500,000 residents in Detroit live in areas with limited accessibility to quality food. Detroit was among the cities that were hardest hit by the recent economic recession with an unemployment rate of 16.7%, poverty level of 20.5% and most of its residents received the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programme (SNAP) benefits. The available food varieties are too expensive for most of the residents. Lack of accessibility to transport infrastructure due to inadequate public transport system and minimal supply of fresh foods in the food stores available are some of the factors that contribute to inaccessibility of food to the residents (Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2008). Therefore, there is urgent need to increase the amount of culturally appropriate food outlets, carry out a research on the available food enterprises and ensure that the available food stores comply with the food safety codes and sanitary standards set. Due to the food problem, there was need to establish a policy that addressed the issues. The public transport system n eeds to be reviewed to ensure that public transport is accessible especially to local farmers. Local production of food needs to be encouraged and this is already being experienced as Detroit has become a model for urban agriculture initiatives with most of its residents now undertaking urban agricultural practices. Lastly, a ban needs to be set up for all Genetically Modified food supplies in the city (Pothukuchi, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hunger and Malnutrition Through a study carried out by WIC programme, it was established that majority of children in the city were malnourished and anemic. Programmes such as the food stamps have helped alleviate severe cases of hunger but have not successfully tackled the problem. Community self help groups and other government programmes need to be highly considered as an effective means of curbing the food prob lem. Faith and community based education as well as civic education can also be exploited as a drive towards a more secure food state. Inadequate Diet The level of junk food in Detroit is alarming. Obesity is almost becoming an issue of public concern and this is majorly caused by the fact that families stopped preparing fresh foods and instead prefer packaged foods that are instant to prepare. With these bad eating habits, health issues such as hypertension and diabetes are increasing in the local authority, and the increasing need to set up emergency funds for health care has risen. Impact of the Detroit Food Policy on the Residents of Detroit Civic Education Residents of Detroit need to be empowered about environmental protection and diversity of life. This can be done through equipping the youth with knowledge, tools and skills to enable them act as advocates to improve the environment’s quality. The youth are the most resourceful members of the community. Institutions of learning such as schools and colleges are also effective channels to advocate for civic education. This can be done through introduction of certain courses tailored to educate the society or directly educating the students and making them serve as ambassadors to their parents (Detroit, n.d.). Urban Agriculture The policy has influenced most residents in Detroit to practice urban farming through increased local produced food products. The urban agriculture-zoning ordinance was for instance approved by Detroit City Planning Commission as a move towards encouraging larger urban farms in the city. Impact on Schools and Public Institutions Schools and other community organizations such as churches and community associations play an important role in ensuring food security in Detroit. For example, Students can be encouraged to pursue courses in agriculture and animal husbandry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Food Security in Detroit – Michigan spec ifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The city council of Detroit can easily collaborate with churches and community organizations to help disseminate information on importance of practicing a healthy diet and encourage residents to undertake urban agriculture. Effect on Emergency Response The city council needs to develop food reserves in cases of emergency. Strategies and plans need to be put in place to prevent cases of food emergency. In conclusion, this public policy has had many profound negative effects on the operational budget of Detroit. The city council has had to set up large sums of money to feed the residents each year through food aids. Massive investment has also been done in programmes to ensure food security. This has largely constrained the development of Detroit in other sectors of the economy. However, once the problem of food is tackled, the city will be able to effectively move forward and be at a level ground with other American cities. References Detroit, (n.d.). A City of Detroit Policy on Food Security: Creating a Food Secure Detroit. Retrieved from: http://eatbettermovemore.org/sa/policies/pdftext/200909181349220.DetroitFoodSecurity.pdf Lee, R., Johnson, R., Joyce, P. (2008). Public budgeting systems. (8 ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Pothukuchi, K. (2011). Food System Report 2009-2010. Web. This research paper on Food Security in Detroit – Michigan was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analysis of the Film Scream Essays

Analysis of the Film Scream Essays Analysis of the Film Scream Essay Analysis of the Film Scream Essay A blockbuster movie is a film, which has a large budget, wins many awards, has famous actors to play the roles and creates a lot of media attention! I have chosen to review and analyse the blockbuster movie scream. Scream is a multi-million dollar film made back in 1996. Since it was released in October of that year it has made $86 million dollars and two sequels have been made and released. The director of scream is Wes Craven, he has also written many other movie blockbusters. E.g. I know what you did last summer, Scream 2 and 3, I still know what you did last summer and The mind ripper. Craven has in each maintained a gripping dedication to the genre that made him big in the first place. Horror! The main ingredients of a horror movie are a serial killer, victims, a motive and of course fear! Horror movies in the past have been pretty predictable. So far as to say there are simple techniques to keep to in order to stay alive, for example saying things such as whos there? and be right back are a death wish, coincidentally if a person says them they will inevitably die! Also in order to survive a horror movie you have to remain a virgin and not drink or take drugs. Wes craven abandons this when Sydney Prescott, the main character looses her virginity to her boyfriend and makes it into the sequel. Scream although rated 18 because of its violent content and adult language is aimed at teenagers and young adults. It is a typical teen horror movie, set in an American High School with characters that teenagers could easily relate to. Scream won a lot of awards. It picked up best movie in 1996 MTV movie awards, Top box office film in the 1998 ASCAP film and television music awards, best actress, best horror film and best writer in the academy of sci fi, horror and fantasy films in 1997, and best movie in MTV movie awards 1997. It was also nominated for many more. The casting director Lisa Beach specifically picked the cast. Casey Becker, a teenager who loves horror movies and dumped Stu for her rugby player boyfriend Steve. She was played by Drew Barrymore. Sydney Prescott, the lead role, played by Neve Campbell. Sydneys mother was last years greatest news story when she was raped and brutally murdered. So shed been through a lot as it was. She was never the typical victim. Each time she was attacked she put up a good fight, and although she lost her virginity to her boyfriend Billy she managed to break the rules of a horror movie and survive, also saving the day. Billy Loomis, Sydneys boyfriend, and one of the murderers. Played by Skeet Ulrich. Tatum Riley, Sydneys best friend and fun loving girlfriend of Stu. Played by Rose McGowan. Stuart Macher (Stu), Tatums out going boyfriend and party lover. The other murderer. Randy Meeks, horror movie freak, obsessed by the horror genre. Often during the film you are fooled to believe that it could b e he who is the murderer, especially as he has the hots for Sydney. Played by Jamie Kennedy. Deputy Dwight Riley (Dewey) very caring and sweet, trying to look out for everyone and protect the town from the horror its facing. Hes Tatums big brother and has the hots for reporter Gail Weathers. Played by David Arquette. Neil Prescott, Sydneys father and the guy who Stu and Billy try to frame for all the murders. Played by Lawrence Hecht. Gail Weathers, the annoying reporter for Top Story. She covered the story on Sydneys mother. Played by Courtney Cox. Most of the main parts in scream were either famous before hand like Courtney Cox from the famous sit com. Friends, and Henry Winkler from Happy Days. Or went on to further their careers in other blockbuster movies like Drew Barrymore and David Arquette in Never been Kissed and Matthew Lillard in Shes all that. Other important people in the making of Scream include the writer Kevin Williamson, the producers Carly Woods and Cathy Conrad, the production designer Bruce Alan-Miller, the editor Patrick Lussier and of course Marco Beltrami, the guy who chose the music. Songs used in a film are very important because they help add to the atmosphere. Each and every one of these people has a very important job to do each crucial in the making of a blockbuster.

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

International Marketing - Essay Example This essay stresses that along with these strategies, the report also presents a comprehensive description of the human resource strategies along with the suggested mode of entry for the brand. Various macro-environmental and micro-environmental factors have also been addressed in this report, which were identified as relevant to the proposed international marketing plan. Concerning the challenges likely to be witnessed when implementing this plan along with the opportunities and the benefits to be obtained, it can be affirmed that high growth prospects persists within the Indian consumer technology industry owing to the flexible Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policies and lesser competition. Furthermore, the analyses presented through this report also reveal that an increasing consumer demand is also identifiable within the Indian market which further strengthens the marketing proposal. This paper makes a conclusion that with reference to the above discussion, it can be apparently observed that the proposed marketing plan can be effective subjected to certain aspects. The most crucial aspect which needs to be taken into concern when applying the proposed marketing plan is the uncertainty witnessed currently in the technology consumer market in India as well as that in the global industrial context. In this regard, it becomes quite vital for the company to make continuous evaluation and projection of its operations as well as strategic implications in order to ensure long-run profitability and sustainability in the targeted market.

The financial crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The financial crisis - Essay Example Lehman Brother’s was one of the major victims of this crisis, and its bankruptcy acted as a catalyst in such a situation. The decline of Lehman Brothers started with the abolition of the Glass-Steagall Act. This is considered as one of the legislative acts which influenced the financial institutional structure of US. This was a seminal event that intensified the financial crisis of 2008. About $10 trillion eroded away from the equity market in 2008 after the bankruptcy event of Lehman Brothers, which was recorded to be the biggest decline of all times. Answer a: Financial Crisis of 2007-2010 The financial crisis of 2007-2010 is considered as one of the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of 1930s (Coggan, 2007; Minsky, 1992). In this section, the discussion would be specifically on such causes that led to financial crunch Right from lax regulation, housing bubble, credit rating given by the agencies, to subprime mortgage lending, pay structure of the management a nd board, and easy credit facilities, are considered to be the major causes of financial crisis. In this study each aspect will be identified, and flaws in every situation would be evaluated, so as to discuss the grounds for the downfall major financial institutions in the second section. ... However, Gramm-Leach Bliley Act of 1999, also known as Financial Modernization Act, was an abolished part of Glass-Steagall Act of 1993 acted as a force in minimizing the gap between the traditional commercial banking institutions and the modern risky investment banks. It allowed the banks to associate with each other and engage into underwriting activities and security deals (Baily, and Elliott, 2009; The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2011). The Commodity Future Modernization Act which was passed in 2000, allowed over the counter derivatives to become self-regulating. Derivative was designed to be a tool that hedged risk associated with investment in securities market. However, this soon turned into a speculative tool (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2012; (Duhigg, 2008). The banks sell the loans to the investment banks, which combine different types of loans such as home loan, car loan, education loan, etc into a complex derivative instrument, called Collateralized De bt Obligations (CDOs), and further sell them in the market to the investors. The borrower of the loans when paid the loan back, the money went straight to the investors. The Sub-prime loans were also popular because it was a high interest loan taken by those who could not afford it. The return and risk of any CDO investor was dependent on the various tranches. The securitization food chain is stated below. Figure 1: Securitisation Food Chain The Credit Default Swaps (CDS) allowed the investors to invest in certain corporations without feeling the heat of direct equity exposure, as can be seen in Figure 1. By 2008 it was found that the outstanding associated with CDS was around $40 trillion, and the over the counter derivative outstanding amount was

Production Capacity of Jersey Cows

Production Capacity of Jersey Cows The aim of this study to look up at production capacity of Jersey cows in Malaysia including environment factors effecting milk production Jersey cows. This study to estimated production capacity Jersey cows at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C. The milk production of Jersey cows not only referring to genetic makeup but also another environment factors must be consider. The patent climate in Malaysia is hot and humid and Malaysia in tropical region because of this kind of climate the performance Jersey cows not equivalent as Jersey cows performance at temperate country. A good and practical farm management effluence performance of Jersey cows, if a good farm management practice not seriously consider it effect performance Jersey cows milk yield decreases or cannot reach as usual. Because of differences between Malaysia climate and temperate country resulting Jersey cows performance an d milk production. Data collecting from farm record which is Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd under LKPP (Lembaga Kemajuan Perusahaan Pertanian) corporation. Data collecting including milk production milk yield, lacataion length, dry off period, animal identification and date of giving birth. In this study, research done in the area on milk production was reviewed. Constraints to increase production were summarized and proposals are made for the sustainable development of the dairy sector in Malaysia. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Malaysias Geography Malaysia in the south east part of Asia has a geographic coordinate that reads 2 ° 30 north latitude and 112 ° 30 east longitude. Malaysia country classified as hot and high humid climate and has tropical weather influenced by monsoonal climate because of its latitude and longitude. But the weather in general in Malaysia is without extremities. Monsoon comes twice a year, during the summer season and the other during winter. Summer monsoon brings lots of downpour in Malaysia. Winter monsoon does not cause that much rain and is generally dry. 1.2 Malaysia Self-Sufficiency In Malaysia agriculture history, Malaysia produce milk product at insufficient level and cannot supporting demand from consumer because this may attributed to poor production local dairy animals. The demand for milk from consumers increased each year. In last decade, Malaysia almost depends on milk importation from other countries to fulfill the demands from consumers, about 95% is imported. The statistics from the Department Veterinary of Services in year 2008 for milk product in Malaysia recorded 56.49 million liters of milk was produced in that year and the self-sufficiency in livestock recorded 4.89%. In year 2010, the government target output of milk is 65 million liters and at least 10% self-sufficiency. Malaysia Dairy Industries The cattle population in Malaysia home 900,000 cattle and the large population at northern state of Kelantan 141,502 of cattle and in the southern state of Johor 111,000 of cattle. From the total population only 4% are dairy cattle (DVS, 2008). The total dairy farmer in Malaysia categorize to three structure; smallholder, semi-commercial and commercial. Dairy farm at smallholder level in Malaysia is recorded 519 and has least than 30 number of breeder (DVS, 2008). Meanwhile, 32 semi-commercial dairy farm levels have recorded and have 30 to 50 numbers of breeders (DVS, 2008). The commercial level dairy farms were recorded 28 of them and have more than 50 numbers of breeders (DVS, 2008). Reported milk yield of Malaysia 2631.3 kg per year (DVS, 2008) compared from central of Thailand produced yield from Malaysia that is 3500 kg per year (Kasetsart J, 2009). 1.4 Fact of Jersey Cows The term production indicates something going to be produced or an output product. Meanwhile, capacity is describing the total amount of production at maximum or optimum level. Production capacity of Jersey cow can be measured from the total amount of milk yield. In dairy cattle, Jersey is one of the popular breeds. The origin Jersey cows are from the small British Island of Jersey in the English Channel. A Jersey also known as Alderney cattle at island of Jersey. The colour of Jersey varies, usually light gray to a dark fawn, being darker around the head and hips. Jerseys are noted for the highest milk fat of all dairy breeds. The body of Jersey is at medium ranking categories. An average weight excellent Jersey cows is around 408 to 544 kg. The milk yields of Jersey cow be able to categorize under intermediate milk producer can reach up to 13 times from their own body weight in milk. 1.5 Factor Affecting Production Capacity of Jersey Cows There are two major factors which can influence production of dairy cows, the main quantitative factor is genetics of the breed and the second qualitative factor is environmental. Under normal situations, milk production increasing during the first six week of lactation and then gradually decreases. Breed of cow effluence milk yield, in North America Holstein cow has the highest volume of milk production and total production 7073 kg per year and Jersey cows 4444 kg per year. A dry off period usually practices for two months to the next calving. Milk yield usually reduced when dry period is less than 40-60 days (25-40% less milk). Meanwhile, dry period longer than 60 days in length does not result in a significant increase in milk production. For effective management is accurate quantitative knowledge of factors affecting productive performance of animal (Bagnato and Oltenacu, 1994). The actual amount of milk production affected by several factors of parity, geographic region and mana gement factors. The environment factor is in terms of nutrition intake of cows in the feed ration. Stage of lactation and persistency can be determined by different stages of lactation phase. Management factors consider as feed and water supply the cows consume, insufficient water supply for few hours will result in a rapid drop in milk yield. Milking intervals practices at farm may result milk production. An unequal milking interval produces less milk than those milked at equal intervals. Milking frequency twice a day yields at 40% more milk than once a day. 1.6 Objectives Information on production capacity Jersey cows in Malaysia is still unpublished therefore the present of study was designated by following objective: To measure production capacity Jersey cows at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C is . Study various environmental factors affecting performance of Jersey cows in Malaysia Adaptability of Jersey cows in Malaysia climate CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW A research regarding Jersey cows performance has been conducted in various part of the world. There are two major factor affecting milk productions in dairy cattle. First are quantitative factors referring to genetic of dairy breed and the second is qualitative factors referring to environmental factors such as nutrition, stage of lactation and persistency, milking practices, age and size of cow, dry period, estrous cycle and pregnancy, environment. An environmental factor has been stated are known to exert influence on the performance dairy cattle (Javed et al, 2000). A study of factors affecting milk yield in dairy cattle has conducted many people for many years and until now. For next paragraph is the review of studies regarding factors affecting milk yield from various part of the world. These reviews are indicated large differences in performance different of breed in different environment. These variations may be either due to breed, herd, location and environmental differences. 2.1 QUANTATIVE FACTORS 2.1.1 Genetics Differences of dairy breed may reflex on different of milk yield. Comparison between two breed dairy cattle Holstein and Jersey, Holstein has ability to produce more milk higher than Jersey breed. The review of literature revealed that lactation milk yield in Holstein cows can produce up to 5,902 kg and Jersey cows 3,797kg (Gacula et al, 1968). The fat contain in milk composition of Jersey cow is higher than Holstein cows also higher than others dairy breed. Fat percentage in milk composition of Jersey cows is 5.01% and Holstein 3.35% (Sharma et al, 1988). Jerseys had the highest fat content, followed by Guernseys, Brown Swiss, Ayrshires, and Holsteins (Gacula et al, 1968). 2.2 QUALITATIVE FACTORS 2.2.1 Nutrition A nutrient value content for dairy performance in dry matter intake is 89.5%, crude protein 16.6%, crude fiber 10.1%, energy expenditure 3.8%, ash 6.1%, nitrogen free extract 63.4%, total digestible nutrients 72.8%, metabolism energy 11.10%, calcium 0.77% and 0.66% of phosphorus (DVS, 2000). The recommended rates of concentrate feeding for lactating cows from department of veterinary services ministry of agriculture Malaysia suggest for uniformity a concentrate feeding is assumed to be a mixture of feed materials containing a minimum of 15% crude protein, 10.6 MJ/kg metabolize energy, 0.60% calcium, 0.4% phosphorus and 1.0% salt show at table 2.2.1, appendix. Knowledge of feed quality and intake, the extent of cows nutrient reserves that can be used to support milk production can now estimated (Alderman and Corttrill, 1993) Several nutritional factors can influence milk composition. These include plane of nutrition or underfeeding affect milk composition. Under feeding dairy cows can reduces lactose percentage and increasing milk fat percentage. Negative energy balance increasing milk fat Imbalance rations on animal feed (low energy and protein) resulting milk fat decrease and protein percentages (Petersen et al, 1986). Effects on ISO (isometric) on milk fat can probably explain by two factors. First, primiparous cows of high groups of lost substantial body weight during lactation induce negative energy balance and second factors high: moderate of groups produce less milk content higher milk fat because milk production and milk fat are negatively correlated (Pierre et al, 2003). As the proportion of the concentrate in ration increases above 50-60% milk fat percentage tends to decline. These conditions happen because of lower ruminal production of acetate and butyrate (function to synthesis milk fatty acid in mammary gland) associated with high concentration diets in feeding rations. A feeding system may effect on mammary gland health have been studies recently (Ouweltjes et al., 2007). Furthermore, there are interactions between breed and feeding system in dairy cattle may contributed mammary gland health status and milking characteristics (Ouweltjes et al., 2007). A grass feeding system and different level of concentrate offered to animals, (Turner et al., 2003; McCarthy et al., 2007) not effecting lactation stage and somatic cell count. A grazing system applied on dairy cattle (McCarthy et al., 2007), with high concentrate diet have influence average milk flow and milk duration. The extent of lactation period of milk depression is subjective by other feedi ng regime such as rate of feeding and feeding system. In wide-ranging, the impact of feeding high levels of concentrates on milk fat percentage will be less where total mix rations are fed and if feed is offered three or more times daily. There are about 30 nutrients essential for dairy cattle performance, maintenance, reproduction, growth, and lactation. The good quality of feedstuff in ration is to make sure the animal get enough supply for those 30 nutrients, lacking with nutrient in feed can corrected in giving additional supplement to animal. With intensive herd management, deficient nutrients such as those providing energy, protein, minerals or vitamins can be supplied by forage and supplements of adequate quality to produce acceptable gains in milk yield and weight gain (National Research Council, 1971; Bath  et al.,  1978; Ranjhan, 1981). Miller and Dickinson (1968) and Miller (1969) in their studies has found that management practices related to feeding, particularly amounts of concentrate, and reproductive efficiency (percentage days in milk) have the greatest value in predicting herd average milk production and are the most important characteristics common to higher producing herds. McCullough (1969), V erità © and Journet (1971), Ekern and Sundstol (1974), Ekern, Save and Vik-Mo (1975) and Wilkinson (1983) have also shown that intensive feeding of ensiled forages and hay, containing appropriate grain and protein requirements and fed free choice, increases and/or maintains milk production at a higher level by providing the opportunity for animals to be fed the conserved products with minimal loss of nutrients during periods of inadequate forage supplies. 2.2.2 Stage of Lactation and Persistency The animals become profitable when the animal can produce milk at maximum level of lifetime. An earlier selection of animals for their productivity should lead to maximum output in total lifetime (Murdia and Tripathi, 1993). Milk production increases with lactation number and is maximized in the fourth or the fifth lactation. According to Walsh et al, (2007) reported all breed reached average milk flow at week fifth to eight lactation, followed by a gradual decline until lowest point average milk flow at the end of lactation. This is result of the increasing development and size of the udder and the increasing body size over that of the first lactation dairy animal. The expected mature yield (mature equivalent) of primiparous cow calving at two years of age can be estimated by multiplying yield of first lactation by 1.3. Persistency of lactation refers to the ability of the cow to maintain production after peak milk yield; persistent cows consider when the cow tends to maintain their peak yield within a lactation period (Togashi and Lin, 2003; Kamidi, 2005). The cost of the production system can reduce if practice persistency of lactation these is associated with feeding and health costs, reproductive performance, resistance to diseases and the return from milk considering a 305 days production cycle (Solkner and Fuchs, 1987; Dekkers  et al., 1996, 1998). Persistent animals require less energy in early lactation, allowing greater utilization of cheap roughage (Solkner and Fuchs, 1987). All farmer desires their animal given profit in return, according to Dekkers et al. (1997) dairy cow with greater lactation persistency tend to be more profitable than average dairy cows when yield and lactation persistency are correlated, even though the differences are relatively small unless reproductive performan ce is very poor. Other studies however have identified a greater difference in production between once and twice daily herds during late lactation than in early lactation (Claesson et al., 1959), indicating that the persistency of cows milked once daily is less than that of cows milked twice daily. Muir et al. (2004) reported favorable relationships among lactation persistency and some measures of fertility and poor relationships with others (e.g., calving interval). Appuhamy et al. (2007, 2009) reported that diseases tend to significantly affect lactation persistency, rather than persistency affecting disease occurrence, and that there are undesirable genetic correlations among persistency of milk and fat yields and several metabolic diseases. Harder et al. (2006) also reported unfavorable genetic correlations among persistency and metabolic diseases. Lactation persistency as defined by Cole and Van- Raden (2006) is useful as a measure of the shape of the lactation curve independen t of 305-d yield. The results of Jamrozik et al. (1998) and van der Linde et al. (2000) suggest that lactation curves and persistency differ between lactations, and differences probably exist between early- and late-maturing breeds. This was confirmed by Cole et al. (2009), who estimated lactation curves for first and later parities in 6 breeds of dairy cattle and found that parameters describing the shapes of the curves can vary considerably. 2.2.3 Milking practices Milking Jersey cows three times daily results in an average increase. The increase in yield due to milking three times daily varies greatly with the producing ability of the animal on twice a day milking and is inversely proportional to such ability. High producing cows show a smaller increase in yield when milked three times daily than do cows with a lower inherited producing ability. Milking heifers three times daily on test results in a slightly greater development than when the initial records are made on twice a day milking of approximately 19 per cent in butterfat and 21 per cent in milk yield. In addition, positive correlations have been reported between milk yield and MD (Petersen et al, 1986; Weiss et al., 2004). Similarly, results from this study indicate positive correlations for milk yield with average milk flow and milk duration suggest that these correlations differ depending on breed. 2.2.4 Dry period Dry period is non-lactating days between lactations. This non lactation time is generally a 5 to 6 weeks rest period before freshening. The duration of dairy cattle stop from lactating. This duration is needed for regression of mammary gland. During this period, mammary gland starts to repair or develop back imbalance tissues to normal. To induce this process of repairing a special treatment is applied to cow called dry cows therapy. The dry cows therapy is a treatment for controlling bovine mastitis from intact to mammary gland. Usually the recommended dry period practices for about 45-50 days. A practices dry period is less than 40 days, can effect on decreasing of next lactation (Swanson 1965; Coppock et al. 1974; Dias and Allaire, 1982). According to Capuco et al. (1997) the cows given 60 days dry period can increasing mammary DNA synthesis begin occurring about 2.2.6 Calving Interval and Parity Breeding efficiency can be measured by looking to calving interval and age at first calving, although they are not the only measures of herd performance. Speicher and Meadows (1967) have suggested the correct calving interval is 12 months (365 days), the longer calving interval more than 12 months can lose the profit in overdue of feed cost. McDowell (1971) considers the following factors adequate for successful dairying: a calving interval between lactations of less than 450 days; an excess of 200 days in lactation; less than 30 percent female mortality; and proper management. According to Murdia and Tripathi, 1993 a good calving interval for cows at range of 360 to 390 day (12 month to 13 month), if the calving interval shorten than 360 days it can give impact on milk production decline 3.7 to 9 percent in lactation length. If the condition vice versa having longer calving interval more than 450 days (15 months) it will increasing milk yield production for 3.5 per cent. Although, the longer calving interval more 15 months increased milk production this situation may reflect on farmer profit because the milk has been produced not equivalent to feed has been giving to the cows. A study from I.R. Bajwa et al, 2004 the effect of average lactation length on parity is decreased begin at parity 4th and 5th, after parities 5th the milk yield and lactation length start to increased back until parties 8. Both breed and parity effects have been shown to exist on lactation curves (e.g. Wood, 1980; Collins-Lusweti, 1991; Friggens et al., 1999; Rekaya et al., 2001) and can now easily be included as fixed factors in test-day models and other linear models that incorporate time trends (Van der Werf et al., 1998; Macciotta et al., 2005). 2.2.7 Environment Results to characterize effects of climate on milk production are important for commercial milk production, perhaps particularly under circumstances where climate is a limiting factor (Sharma et al, 1988). Major benefits of shade management on milk yield appear to be related to indirect effects such as feed intake and digestive tract performance rather than direct effects on ability of the mammary gland to synthesize milk (Collier et al, 1981). Cows calving from November through March yielded more milk and fat than cows that calved in July and August. These results are similar to those reported by Blanehard etal. (3), Frick et al. (6), Gaunt et al. (7), and Wunder and McGilliard (22). Seasonal variation in animal performance in tropics is expected to be primarily a manifestation of variation in feed quality and quantity (Javed et al., 2000). The animals of temperate regions maintained in tropical conditions cannot behave similarly in both the environments (Javed et al., 2002). This i ndicated that the animals of temperate zone did not adapt to the harsh environments of tropics and could not perform satisfactorily (Javed et al., 2004). CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Source of Data The data on 233 performance records of 170 Jersey heifers, five bulls for natural mating purpose and 58 are in calves stages during the period of 2007 through 2009 were utilized for present study. All Jersey breed at this farm are pure and imported from Australia. After editing 3.2 Background and Location of Farm The data sources are from farm dairy at state of Keratong, Muadzam, Pahang at longitude 103.4833 °T and latitude 2.8167 °U in closed house system with temperature 24 °C. The sources of data are from Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd. The Makmur Dairy Sdn Bhd was established under LKPP (Lembaga Kemajuan Perusahaan Pertanian) Corporation Sdn Bhd in May 2006. At beginning farm opening, 300 Jersey animals were imported from Australia. This farm not only focusing on dairy animal but also doing multiple ranches including feedlot cattle, dual purpose goat Shami breed. 3.3 General Management and Feeding Practice This farm practices cut and carry feeding (Guinea and Napier grass) system 40kg/head and concentrate 5-10kg/ head. This farm practices machine milking two daily routine, first at 7.00am and 4.00pm at evening. The entire animal at this farm are under intensive system. After milking process, the animal allow to free-range at paddock from 9.30 am until 10.00am. In this farm consist with two animal barns, barn A and barn B. Inside barn B; it completely closed house system provided with cooling pad and seven fans for cooling purpose. At this farm, they practices animal bedding using sand. 3.4 Data Record Extraction and Editing The following data will be collected: animal identification, date of calving, lactation milk yield, lactation length, lactation stage, parity, dry period, calving interval and nutrition value on concentrate feed. Following performance traits will be recorded/analysis and utilized in the present study. The data analyzed starting from year 2007 until 2009. 3.4.1 Lactation Milk Yield and Milk Yield per Day Total milk produced during a given lactation which terminated normally was considered as lactation milk yield. Lactation milk yield Effects of lactation length; calving interval and service period on lactation milk yield also estimated. Two lactation milk yields was grouped to three classes, this is because the farm newly established for about four years. The mean value, average and standard deviation is counted for lactation milk yield and milk yield per day beginning from 2007 until 2009. 3.4.2 Lactation Length Lactation period each cows is counted start from calving until the cows has dried up. Each of lactation length of cows is counting on average and mean value. The length of lactation period depends on production level and open period of each cow. 3.4.3 Lactation Stage In analyzed the data lactation stage has categorized to three sub classes the three sub class are 1 early lactation stage between 14 to 100 days, 2 mid lactation stage between 100 to 200 days and 3 late lactation stage between 200-350 days. The data regarding from 2007 to 2009 record farm keeping. 3.4.4 Parity The date of calving from first calving at years 2007 until 2009 is record for analyzing the data. Parity if a one major factors effect on lactation milk yield. More parity indicated lower of milk yield in dairy cattle especially in parities 4th and 5th (I.R Bajwa, 2004). The parities are divided into three group first is one for first parity, second is two for second parity and third is three for third parity. 3.4.5 Dry Period The right and proper management of dry period is one of keywords to make sure the milk production can stand in a high amount production. The data regarding dry period is going to make three sub class 1 dry period for 0 to 40days, 2 dry period 40 to 70 days and 3 dry period above 70 days. 3.4.6 Calving Interval The data from date of parturition is used for calculating calving interval, the means, standard deviation and standard error are applied to summarize the data. Because of the cows only have three parities, the calving interval is calculated based on first parities and second parities. The calving interval is divided into four categories that is zero represented for no calving interval, one is below than 360days, two for calving interval at range 360 to 390days and three is above 390. 3.4.7 Nutrition Value on Concentrate feed Proximate analysis of concentrate feed from the farm record is taking up for comparing the nutrition value concentrate feed at farm with recommended nutrient requirements for dairy cattle in different lactation stage. Nutrition is a factors effecting milk production of dairy animal. In different year the nutrition value is different in each year. The lactating ration and the basal ration nutrition value are taking up for comparison on effecting milk yield. 3.5 Data Analysis Analyzing data with unequal parameters and disproportionate sub class analyzed using statistical analysis software SAS 9.0. The data will be analyzed using SAS software with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The two independent variables in ANOVA are called factors, the factors are genetic and environment which can influence milk yield of Jersey cows. Mean values of several factors effecting on milk production capacity of Jersey cows were analyzed on analysis of variance (ANOVA): Production Capacity Based on Year 2007-2009 relating nutrient value on concentrated feed. Production Capacity Based on Parity, Lactation Stage, Dry Period, and Calving Interval. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis performance groups of Jersey cows productivity from 2007-2009 in various responses factors is interpret. 4.1 Production Capacity Patterns 4.1.1 Production Capacity Based on Year 2007-2009 Relating with Nutrient Value on Concentrated Feed Calculating mean of milk yields begin from year 2007 to 2009 for 126 milking cows was 906.15 ±63.32 liters with a coefficient of variation 78.4%. The highest yield was 949.91 liters at year 2009. In year 2007, the mean milk yield is 615.46  ±85.23liters with coefficient variations 57%. In the next year 2008 the mean milk yield is 953.27 ±99.44liters with coefficient variations 74%. In year 2009 the mean milk yield is 949.91 ±101.84 with coefficient variations 81.4%. The mean lactation length of all cows was 166 ±7.71days, with a coefficient variation 52.2%. For year 2007 it was 166 ±13.19days of lactation length with coefficient variations 32.8%. In year 2008 the mean lactation length is 165 ±12.57days with 54.4% coefficient variations. In year 2009 the mean lactation length is 167 ±12.13days with 55.3% coefficient variations. The milk production and lactation days based on year are shown in table 4.1.1(a) and fig 4.1.1(a). The analysis of variance on milk yield based on nutrient value of year has no significant different effect (P1.66). Nutrient value may effect on milk yield (liters), in nutrient value based on year one the NFE amount around 43-38%, for year two the amount of NFE is around 52-49% and third year the amount of NFE in range 48-52%. The requirement of nitrogen free extracts (NFE) not enough for supporting milk production as recommended value is 63.4% NFE. In year 2007-2008 the amount of total digestible nutrient (TDN) is in rage 56-68% only and it not enough for supporting milk production as recommended amount 72.8%. In year 2007-2009 value of metabolisms energy is sufficient for supporting milk yield because the recommended amount of metabolism energy in ration must be 11.10%. 4.1.2 Production Capacity Based on Parity, Lactation Stage, Dry Period, and Calving Interval. Number of 30 heads milking cow have been observed on the means milk yield (liters) of cows in parities one is 1219.51 ±126.17 with coefficient variance 56.7% and means value for second parities is 1403.22 ±101.02 with 26.9% of coefficient variance in fourteen cows been milking. The third parities for means value of milk yield is 1153.74 ±162.08 liters with 34.4% with six heads milking cows. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on factor effecting milk yield on parity one, parity two and parity three are significantly different (P Lactation stage are divided to three sub classes, the sub classes are lactation stage one considering as early lactation for 14-100days, second lactation stage is a mid lactation in range of 100-200days and third lactation stage with range of days 200-305days. The mean value for lactation stage one is 160 ± 251.29 with coefficient variance 14.4%. In second lactation stage the mean value is 777.10 ± 92.04 with coefficient variance 45.87%. The third lactation stage the men value is 1550.80 ± 77.91 with coefficient variance 28.86%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is lactation stage one, two and three have significantly (P Mean value in first dry period is 2266.42 ± 221.66 with coefficient variance 19.56% and second dry period on mean value 1362.10 ± 163.19 with coefficient variance 23.96%. The last, third dry period on mean value is 1158.10 ± 81.58 with coefficient variance 45.65%. The number one, two and three is representing on 1 for 0 to 40days, 2 for 40 to 70days and 3 for above 70days dry period. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) in dry period are significantly (P The mean value for calving interval on zero is 1229.70 ± 130.17 with 57% and second calving interval the mean value is 1605.20 ± 76.88 with coefficient variance 6.8%. The third calving interval is 1300.30 ± 129.46 of mean value and 29.86% of coefficient variance. The calving interval in one and three have not significantly (P Relating all factor effect on milk yield from analysis of variance they are significant between lactation stage and dry period (P CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION After al